Act upon your knowledge by Buddha

“However many holy words you read, however many you speak, what good will they do you if you do not act on upon them?”
― Gautama Buddha

Did you know: 'must' and 'have to'?

Must and have to are both used to indicate obligation and are often quite similar. They are both followed by the infinitive.

I have to sleep now.
I must sleep now.

Here is how we tell the difference between the two:
1. we use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do. (internal drive)
2. we use have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. (external drive)

I must sleep now to have enough rest for the exam. (In my opinion)
I have to sleep now, otherwise my mom will be mad at me. (My mom wants me to sleep early)
Do you have to wear a uniform for school? (asking about school rules)
Drivers must fasten their seat-belts. (that is the rule)

But, they are totally different in the negative:
1. You must not eat in class. (You must not - you have no choice)
2. You don't have to wait for me. (There is not obligation to wait for me, but you have a choice)

Is it must, have to, mustn't or don't have to?
1. I _____ save money for my holiday.
2. When the traffic light turns red, you _____ stop.
3. If you are not hungry, you _____ eat again. You can go play with with friends.
4. You _____ put medicines in the fridge. Your kids might eat them as candies.
5. What _____ you do to make things better?
6. I have brought an umbrella. So, you _____ bring one.
7. When you are in a library, you _____ talk and chat with a friend.
8. You _____ get 3.5 in the next exam if you want to pass Biology.
9. Since you have got an English book from your sister, you _____ buy another one.
10. You _____ show a ticket when you are getting into a cinema.

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

We often use must for more personal opinions about what it is necessary to do, and have to for what somebody in authority has said it is necessary to do. - See more at: http://learnenglishteens.britishcouncil.org/grammar-vocabulary/grammar-videos/have-must-and-should-obligation-and-advice#sthash.S97OlBgr.dpuf

A rhetorical question

What do you get when you cross a joke with a rhetorical question?

“Am I missing something? There’s no response.” That’s because rhetorical questions don’t get one. “Am I a dolt or what?” Umm …is that a rhetorical question?

Read more: http://www.rd.com/funny-stuff/clever-jokes/#ixzz3bLfURrph

A Quote by Napoleon Hill

"It is literally true that you can succeed best and quickest by helping others to succeed." -Napoleon Hill-

Cause and Effect Connectors

To talk about cause and effect, we need to use certain connectors so that we get the meaning and the feel right.

In one occasion, we can say:
1. Indonesia is a perfect tourist destination because It is beautiful and unique.

In another occasion, we might want to say:
2. Indonesia is a perfect tourist destination because of its beauty and uniqueness.

In a different occasion, we can also say:
3. Indonesia is beautiful and unique. Therefore, it is a perfect tourist destination.

Explanation:
1. We use because to join "Indonesia is a perfect tourist destination." (A main clause) with "It is beautiful and unique."(a subordinate clause). A subordinate clause must consist at least a subordinate connector + subject + verb. 

The following connectors are used in the same way:
Because: I am here because I care for you.
Since: Janet was punished since she was late for class.
For: Lucy was absent from school for she was sick.
As
Inasmuch as
In that
Seeing that

2. We use because of to join "Indonesia is a perfect tourist destination." (a main clause) with "its beauty and uniqueness." (A noun phrase). A noun phrase consists of a noun with one or more adjectives to modify it. So, the noun is "beauty and uniqueness" and the adjective is "its". 

The following connectors are used with a noun or a noun phrase:
Because of: Because of you, I become a successful entrepreneur now.
Owing to: Owing to my hard work, I got straight A's for my exams.
Due to: Due to the rain, Linda cancelled going to the concert last night.

3. We use therefore to join one sentence with another sentence to indicate cause and effect. From example no. 3, we can learn that "Indonesia is beautiful and unique." is the cause, and "It is a perfect tourist destination" is a result/effect. We need to notice here that therefore is used after a sentence that indicate a cause. And a comma is used after therefore.

The following connectors are used in the same way:
Therefore: I worked hard. Therefore, I got straight A's for my exams.
As a result: It rained last night. As a result, Linda cancelled going to the concert.
Consequently: The service is very good. Consequently, we visit the shop again and again.
Hence
As a consequence
Thus
So

I hope that can be useful and helpful. Yet, if you have a question, just go to the comment box and write it. I'll reply you as soon as I read it. Cheers...

Congratulations!

Besides showing our sympathy when someone is in a bad situation or experiencing something unpleasant, we are also encouraged to congratulate people when they are experiencing something good or pleasant, like celebrating a birthday, winning a competition, having a new baby, or job promotion.

Examples:

X: luna, why do you look so happy today?

Y: Really? Actually it's my birthday today.

X: Oh... Happy birthday to you. Wish you all the best!

Y: Thanks, Yolan.

X: Hey, Billi! I heard I won a spelling bee competition.

Y: Yes, I did. I got the first prize.

X: Congratulations! You deserve it.

Y: Thank you, Mate.

The following are some expressions you can use to congratulate people:

Congratulations!

I'm glad to hear that!

Fantastic!

Wonderful!

Well done!

Good for you!

What good news!

Kinds of Texts: Advertisements

An advertisement, according to Wordweb is a public promotion of some product or service.

Why do we need advertise our products or services?
1. Advertising drives economic growth.
2. Advertising helps people choose
3. Advertising allows some business models to function.
4. Advertising allows us to express ourself.
5. Advertising in some ways (oddly) is good for the environment
6. In some countries people like ads.

The language features of an advertisement:
1. Brief or concise
2. Clear
3. Othen use comparative and superlative constructions
4. Often use words of promise

Example

WHY WAIT FOR A BETTER JOB?

Get a great job now!

National Air
Is hiring full-time representatives for Sales & Reservations.
Talk to our employees and discover  why we're the best thing in the air.
Interviews on the spot! Bring your resume.

OPEN HOUSE
National Air Headquarters
Southeast Regional Airport
Thursday, June 15 7:30 p.m.

Taken from: Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris untuk SMA/MA Kelas X by Otong SDJ

Showing Sympathy

When someone near us or close to us is in a bad situation, like losing a member of family, being fired from a job, or experiencing an accident, we should show our sympathy to him/her. It will make him/her feel a lot better.

X: What is the matter with you Caroline?

Y: My father got a car accident last night and he is being hospitalised at Charitas Hospital now.

X: Oh, I am sorry to hear that. I hope it's not bad.

Y: He broke his right arm. The doctor said he will be okay after a couple of days.

X: Good.

Y: Thanks, Dillon. 

X: Dina, why do you look so sad?

Y: I lost the speech competition.

X: What a shame! You have practiced hard and your English is excellent.

Y: Thank you for your support, Ben. I guess I will have to prepare better next time.

The following are more expressions you can use to show sympathy:

bad/hard/tough luck

used for saying you are sorry that something bad has happened to someone

(oh,) what a shame

used for expressing sympathy or disappointment

too bad

used for saying that you are sorry or sympathetic about something

someone’s heart goes out to someone

used for saying that someone feels sorry for someone else

I know the feeling

used for showing sympathy

bless him/her/them

used for talking about someone in a loving or sympathetic way

I don’t envy you/him etc

used for saying that you would not like to do what someone else has to do

you can’t win them all/(you) win some, (you) lose some

used for showing sympathy to someone who has not been successful or for showing that you accept that you have not been successful

The following can be your responses when someone says sympathy to you:

Thank you very much
It’s very kind of you
I hope so
That’s a pity, isn’t it?
Thanks for your sympathy/support
I would be OK, thank you very much for your support

* In reference to macmillandictionary.com

A true victory by Buddha

"It is better to conquer yourself than to win a thousand battles. Then the victory is yours. It cannot be taken from you, not by angels or by demons, heaven or hell." Buddha

Tenses: Future Perfect

The future perfect expresses an activity that will be completed before another time or event in the future.

1.     I will graduate in June. I will see you in July. By the time I see you, I will have graduated.

2.     I will have finished my homework by the time I go out on a date tonight.

3.     Today is Friday. Mark needs three days to finish his project. By the time you come here next week, he will have finished his project.

4.     We have been married for a long time. By our next anniversary, we will have been married for 43 years.

Note:

By the time introduces a time clause; the simple present is used in a time clause.

Examples of the future perfect in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences

Affirmative      Tira will have arrived in Japan by 6 a.m. tomorrow.

Negative         Tira won't have arrived in Japan by 6 a.m. tomorrow.

Interrogative    Will Tira have arrived in Japan by 6 a.m. tomorrow?
                       Yes, he will.

                       No, he will not.

* In reference to Understanding and Using English Grammar by Betty Azar

Tenses: Future Continuous

The future continuous is used to tell activities or actions which are in progress / happening at a specific time in the future.

1.    I will begin to study at 7 tonight. You will come at 07.30. I will be  studying when you come.

2.    Right now, I am sitting in class. At this time tomorrow, I will be  sitting in class.

3.    Don’t call me at nine because I won’t be home. I am going to be  studying at the library.

4.    Jane always watches TV from 7 to 9 o’clock every night. So, if you  call her at 8 tonight, she won’t be sleeping.

For affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences, please see the page about Future Simple.


* In reference to Understanding and Using English Grammar by   Betty Azar

Tenses: Future Simple

The future simple is used to tell activities/actions/situations that will happen in the future. Will and Be Going To are used to express future time.

Will and Be Going To + Bare Infinitive

1.       To express a PREDICTION: use either WILL or BE GOING TO

a.      According to the weather report, it will / is going to be cloudy tomorrow.

b.      Be careful! You will/are going to hurt yourself.

2.       To express WILLINGNESS: use only WILL.

a.       The phone is ringing. I will get it.

b.      If you don’t understand the lesson, ask your teacher. She will help you.

3.       To express a PRIOR PLAN: use only BE GOING TO.

a.       X: Why did you buy the paint?

Y: I am going to paint the house tomorrow.

b.      I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He is going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.

Examples of Will in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences

Affirmative          Her face will turn red soon.

Negative              Her face will not turn red soon.

Interrogative        Will her face turn red soon?      
                           Yes, it will.

                           No, it won’t.

Examples of Be Going To in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences

Affirmative         I am going to do my homework tonight.

Negative             I am not going to do my homework tonight.

Interrogative       Are you going to do your homework tonight?    
                          Yes, I am.

                                   No, I am not.

Enough and Too (Sufficiency)

The positions of ‘enough’

Enough comes after adjectives and adverbs.

·         Jane could do the test well because she was diligent enough. (not ‘enough diligent’)

·         Don’t worry! The chairs are clean enough to sit. (clean is an adjective)

·         Handy could run fast enough to catch the thief. (fast is an adverb)

Enough comes before nouns.

·         I will have enough money to buy our dream house next year. (money is a noun)

·         If you want to succeed, you need to put down enough effort.

·         Relax, Guys! We still have enough time.

The positions of ‘too’

Too comes before adjectives and adverbs. (It implies negativity)

·         The tea is too hot to drink. (It is so hot that I cannot drink it)

·         That woman spoke too softly to hear. (She spoke so softly that we could not her her)

·         Kelly was too weak to walk. (She was so weak that she could not walk)

More about enough and too

We say enough/too … for (somebody or something):

·         Jack hasn’t got enough money for a holiday.

·         This exercise is too hard for me.

We say enough/too … to do something (not ‘for doing’).

·         Peter is old enough to get a driving license.

·         Helen is too kind to hurt somebody.

Exercise

Complete the following sentences by using enough or too.

1.       The girl is not old …… to get married.

2.       Do you think Yolla has got …… experience for the job?

3.       Are you warm ……? Or shall I switch on the heating?

4.       This is …… dark to read a book. Why don’t you turn on the lamp?

5.       I think she said it clearly ……. You don’t need to question her anymore.

Write your answers in the comment box, and I will check them for you. Have fun…